Customer Retention in Telecom Industry - 5857 Words

Customer Retention: With Special Reference to Telecommunication Industry in Sri Lanka K. A. Silva Lanka Com Services (Pvt) Limited, Colombo, Sri Lanka S. T. W. S. Yapa Department of Decision sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka samanyapa@sjp.ac.lk ABSTRACT The landscape of the telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka has been changed drastically since the deregulation of telecommunication sector in early 1990s. Number of service providers has been increased from one, i.e state monopoly, to more than 70 within a short period of time. With the increased competition telecom service providers find it difficult to retain the existing customers. In that context the objective of this research explanatory†¦show more content†¦The relationship is seen as mediated by social norms and situational factors. Cognitive, affective, and conative antecedents of relative attitude are identified as contributing to loyalty, along with motivational, perceptual, and behavioural consequences ( Dick and Basu , 1994). In the customer centred business, survival remains to the degree that customer satisfaction is met. Previous research studies have shows that the repurchase intent was the main benefit of customer retention. However, some had identified multiple benefits like repurchase intent, price tolerance, willingness to recommend etc. In reaching retention, vendors should manage satisfaction and consequences of Customer Loyalty (Naranyandas, 1998). Loyalty too has a pyramid effect that suggests of having hierarchy in loyalty levels between customer and vendor. Change in loyalty level will manifest itself in the presence of specific attitude and behaviour (Aaker, 1991). Customer loyalty and satisfaction are integral part of customer retention process. Customer Retention is a primary measure of loyalty. There is a positive relationship between changes in satisfaction and share of wallet. In particular, the initial satisfaction level and the conditional percentage of change in satisfaction significantly correspond to changes in share of wallet. Income and length of the relationship negativelyShow MoreRelatedTelecommunication Industry: The Bond Between Loyalty of Customers1351 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology. Satisfying the customers need is the top priority of almost every organization. Fast paced technological growth is the main determinant of increased customers’ expectations from the marketers of products and services. Both internet and web enabled technologies complemented the CRM in a significant manner. The approach of research is to gauge the impact of the electronic customer relationship management required in the creation of commitm ent and the customer base retention in the sector of IranRead MoreMarketing Strategies1137 Words   |  5 PagesSuccessful companies study their competitors as closely as they do their customers. Analyzing and evaluating competition helps management decide where to compete and how to position against the competition in each market margin. The changing patterns of global competition require continuous analysis of competing forces. Business and marketing strategies need to take advantage of opportunities and to avoid threats. Market leaders and competitors cannot fulfill their executive role unless customer’sRead MoreVerizon Communication Swot Analysis716 Words   |  3 Pagesanalyze their general environment and their industries competitive environment in order for the business to understand their environment. (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, McNamara 2014.) This comes by doing a SWOT Analysis which is a basic technique. By doing a SWOT Analysis, the company can identify its st rengths and weaknesses which are the internal forces. The analysis also identifies the external forces which are the opportunities and threats in the industry. Verizon Communications is the company thatRead MoreTelecom Sector : India And Customer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay2141 Words   |  9 PagesTelecom sector in India and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Author Raja Sarkar Ph.D. Scholar/ UGC Senior Research Fellow Department of Business Administration Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India E-mail- rajasarkar71@gmail.com Mobile- 9088189044 Abstract: The Indian telecom sector has evolved overRead MoreGeorge Yips Globalization Model639 Words   |  3 Pagesattractiveness of globalization for telecom firms in India and more specifically Bharti Airtel. 1. MARKET GLOBALIZATION FORCES Every month about 8-10 million subscribers are being added in the Indian mobile database. India is likely to see ~80% teledensity (fixed +mobile users) by 2014 and is set to see waning demand there on. (source: Wikipedia.com) Given the current level of saturation in urban market and cut throat competition among operators, the industry players are aiming to achieve the dualRead MoreReliance Jio Case Study Solution1738 Words   |  7 Pages The case is about how Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (Jio) rose to become one of the leading telecom networks in India. Jio has captured a large market chunk and achieved numbers that took the competition over a decade to achieve. It is India’s only network which is solely 4G and its USP is the free services that it offers. The company adopted a predatory pricing strategy to enter the Indian telecom market and offered free voice, data, and message services in the name of its â€Å"Welcome Offer† fromRead MoreAn Influence Of Customer Satisfaction On Brand Loyalty1988 Words   |  8 PagesAN INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON BRAND LOYALTY: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF INDIAN TELECOM MARKET Nishant Dabhade Research Scholar Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.), India nishant.dabhade.mgmt@gmail.com 1. Abstract Customer satisfaction and brand loyalty are the most significant factors that influence the telecom industry. Customer satisfaction contributes in brand loyalty especially in mobile telecom sector. The study is conceptual in nature and secondary dataRead MoreResearch Proposal1690 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst mobile telephony service in Ghana. As the year 2000, there were four mobile operators (Buzz, Celtel, Spacefon and Onetouch) operating in Ghana but the level of competition among these operators was near zero. During these periods, would be customers had to queue for hours in order to acquire a mobile SIM which were sold at cut-throat prices. Mobile call charges were also extremely high with Spacefon charging GH ¢.30 per minute for local locals. These operators were however only providing voiceRead MoreMobile, Global, And Virtual Business Environment1027 Words   |  5 PagesNo other industry touches as many technology-related business sectors as telecommunications, which, by d efinition, encompasses not only the traditional areas of local and long-distance telephone service, but also advanced technology-based services including wireless communications, the Internet, fiber-optics and satellites. In today s fast-paced mobile, global, and virtual business environment means that business leaders must change their approach to daily operational issues, new business opportunitiesRead MoreMarketing Research Topics1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmilk brands Characteristics of customer loyalty: impact of brand image or product characteristics/attributes – A study of packaged milk brands Effect of self-placement of habitual buying products on their sales Determinants of consumer buying behavior through mega stores in (country name) Consumer response towards country of origin (experiment) comparison between higher involvement and lower involvement products Relationship between website attributes and customer satisfaction: A study of E-commerce

Parenthood The Target Population May Be Planned...

The target population may be Planned Parenthood (PP) as an entity, but the policy will affect the clients that depend on PP for services. If House Bill 294 passes, it will end federal funding to Planned Parenthood (House Bill 294, 2015). Planned Parenthood provides services to Medicaid recipients and other individuals with little to no income. The services provided by PP include providing free or low-cost contraceptives, cancer screenings, STD testing and treatment (Planned Parenthood, 2016). The population who loses if this policy is passed are the individuals living in poverty and medically underserved areas since they are over half of PP clients (Heisler, 2016). They are already disadvantaged by not having sufficient medical services in the area; Planned Parenthood is one of the key resources that are specifically planted in low-income areas to be accessible to this diverse population. With the easy access to contraceptives being lost, pregnancy will be on the rise along wit h STDs, since treatment will no longer be provided in a quick and easy manner. For an already impoverished and oppressed community these consequences could be dire. 2. The goal of House Bill 294 is ultimately to ensure funds are not given to any organization that performs or promotes abortions (House Bill 294, 2015). By pressing for that goal, there will several latent outcomes one of which is that access to safe, low-cost abortions will become obsolete. If thatShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Birth Control1492 Words   |  6 Pagescoverage for physician approved contraceptive methods. With healthcare expenditures rising every year, funding has become a key issue in the birth control conversation. This memo serves to explain H.R. 3134, which aims to cut federal funding to Planned Parenthood (PPFA) for one year, by giving an overview of key birth control legislation, evaluating the bill’s strengths and weaknesses, and concluding with a recommendation to adjust the proposed cancelation of funding PPFA to a reduction of three percentRead MorePlanned Parenthood: Risk and Quality Management1898 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Planned Parenthood: Risk Quality Management Since taking the reins in 2006, Cecile Richards has spearheaded Planned Parenthood through difficult times to ensure it has emerged better than before. Planned Parenthood is the nations largest provider of sexual and reproductive healthcare, providing birth control, pap smears, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and pregnancy tests to 5 million people each year. It has an annual budget of $800 million, 860 clinics, at least one representativeRead MoreMargaret Sanger s The Prevention Of African American Births1802 Words   |  8 Pagesher father’s income decreased. ïÆ'Ëœ Sanger claims the most successful approach to teach Negroes is through religion and that â€Å"We do not want word to go out that we want to exterminate the Negro population†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ïÆ'Ëœ Martin Luther King and W.E.B Dubois supported Sanger. ïÆ'Ëœ Sanger planned the First World Population Conference in Geneva and invited known racists:, Henry Fairchild, Edward East, Clarence Little, and Raymond Pearl. ïÆ'Ëœ Sanger spoke at a Ku Klux Klan meeting. She claimed she acheived her goalRead MoreThe Issue Of The Abortion Policy Essay1966 Words   |  8 Pagesthat prohibited obtaining or attempting an abortion at any stage. The law was deemed unconstitutional, and the court established that a woman has the constitutional right to have an abortion. (Teitelbaum Wilensky, 2017, p. 109) In 1992, the Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey case was centered around several amendments to Pennsylvania’s Abortion Control Act that made it more difficult for pregnant women to receive an abortion. The case resulted in a new template for lower courtsRead MoreAttitudes Of Parents Towards Teen Contraceptive Use1390 Words   |  6 Pagesthis project will explore the (accessibility of reproductive health care and contraceptive use,) the value of contraceptive use, the stigma of contraceptive use, and the concerns parents may have regarding teen sexuality. Additionally, thoughts from parents, school officials, and young adults on Planned Parenthood funding will be explored. Recommendations to improve sexual health and education will be solicited from the parents. BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW With the ongoing concerns of risky adolescentRead MoreTexas Women’s Health Program1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthis is the way to create a safer atmosphere by protecting women from the traumatic, psychological damage abortions cause. Those against the bill, however, stand to say that the intentions of the Texas Women’s Health Program, as nobly worded as they may be, serve a biased opinion and only sweep problems under the rub without handling the real issue. The analysis done by those against the bill focuses on not simply abortion or personal ideologies but the access to women’s health care across the stateRead MoreThe Unwritten History Of Slavery2506 Words   |  11 PagesOphelia Settle Egypt, informally known as Ophie, was an African American woman ahead of her time. She attained the educational status of less than one percent of the American population, was liberal and accepting of others despite the criticism around her, fought to end racism, worked independently of her husband, and believed in limiting family growth. All of Egypt’s beliefs and lifetime achievements represent a new type of woman: a woman who refuses to assimilate to her gender stereotype of weakRead MoreBlack Lives Matter Is A Necessity Of Today s Society1220 Words   |  5 Pagessanctioned by white supremacist? Theories say the founder of Planned Parenthood, Margaret Sanger, had a hidden agenda. Sanger, who had known white supremacist colleagues, wrote in her novel about controlling the birth of individuals with unwanted characteristics. â€Å"[We should] apply a stern and rigid policy of sterilization and segregation to that grade of population whose progeny is tainted, or whose inheritance is such that objectionable traits may be transmitted to offspring† (Sanger). She believed inRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health Concept1452 Words   |  6 PagesHispanic women age 25 to 34 years. We will recruit our participants from Planned Parenthood clinics and low-income communities. Using the Social Determinants of Health concept, we will identify who will be recruited, how we will apply our intervention, and why it will be effective. Recruitment will be based on income earned and education level as they are often directly related (CDPH, 2006). After recruiting our target population, we will conduct a pretest that will ask participants knowledge aboutRead MoreSex Education in Nigeria7622 Words   |  31 Pagesthe individual as a sexual being, the power of self cultivation and processes of essentialism. Although the concept of sexuality can be dated back to our ancestors, who laid much emphasis on the care of self and the act of procreation, emerging population and health concerns have led to the re-thinking and re-identification of the relationship between sexuality and human activity and behaviour. Invariably, the concept of sexuality has undergone many changes within the past forty years. The emergence

Analysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay

Although certainly unjust and arguably immoral, assigned gender roles have permeated history and its literature for centuries. Authors have penned the injustice of such gender roles throughout their works, although it was simply a part of life to them at the time. One such author is Emily Brontà «, a woman who never married. She and her sisters experienced many familial hardships and began writing at a young age, perhaps as a coping mechanism. With this in mind and assessing trials and events in her life, one cannot help but find uncanny parallels between the characters of her novels and the social turmoil she witnessed. At first glance, Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights may seem to be the tragedy of two young lovers. However, the reader cannot truly comprehend or explain Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar, as opposed to Heathcliff, without first understanding the period in which Brontà « set her novel. The Victorian era, although positive in a scientific sense, w as a brutal period for women, a â€Å"world of sadism, violence, and wanton cruelty† (Thompson 71). It perpetuated ideals such as specified gender roles, primogeniture, and the belief that women are property, without a societal voice. As a woman, Brontà « experienced this discrimination firsthand as she was forced to initially publish her work under a male pseudonym, Ellis Bell, in order for it to have any societal merit. Her characters in Wuthering Heights were thusly affected by this cloud of sexism. The woman in theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesReading Analysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century; however, Emily Bronte’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1408 Words   |  6 PagesBrontà « also compares the characters indirectly, as she did the houses. Two very prominent characters she displays in this way include Lockwood and Isabella. They are both fundamental narrators in the work. Lockwood does so directly through his retelling of Nelly’s recounting of the story, and Isabella does so through her letter to Nelly explaining her relationship and life with Heathcliff soon after they were married. Although Isabella only briefly seen as a narrator, she a nd Lockwood have variousRead MoreAnalysis of Emily Bronte ´s Wuthering Heights623 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review: Wuthering Heights This book deals a lot with love and revenge as evidently exhibited through the characters Heathcliff and Catherine. The book depicts the journey of societys social class. Catherine learns to love Heathcliff even though he is inferior to her. The reader discovers deep and affectionate motives within the novel. In my view it is a well annotated version of Emily Brontes classic about denied love between central characters Heathcliff and Catherine. Not a predictableRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 3443 Words   |  14 PagesRRS Wuthering Heights Title: Wuthering Heights Publication Date: 1847 Author: Emily Bronte Nationality: English Author’s Birth/Death dates: July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848 Distinguishing traits of the author: Emily Bronte, otherwise known as Ellis Bell, had many siblings growing up in the isolated town of Thornton, Yorkshire. One of which was Charlotte Brontà « author of the masterpiece, Jane Eyre. At the time of their publishment Jan Eyre was known as the superior book but over time Wuthering HeightsRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 2133 Words   |  9 PagesKimberly Boots Ms. Loomis AP Literature and Composition 16 January 2015 The Meaning Behind It All Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights is not only one of the most widely read books in America, but it also encourages different critical approaches. One of the most interesting approaches is the psychoanalytical approach in this circumstance. Through the entirety of this book it is understood that defending oneself in different ways is a way to escape the stresses of reality. â€Å"Our unconscious desiresRead MoreAn Analysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1784 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough a community and spread as quickly as the plague. Historian and philosopher Howard Zinn proposes that, â€Å"the air of the world is poisonous. And you must carry an antidote with you, or the infection will prove fatal (Zinn 114). In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte demonstrates the corrosive effects of human interaction through the motif of disease and contagion coupled with mental decay and the deaths of integral characters. During the Victorian Era, disease ran rampant throughout England. HygieneRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesGiovanni Rosas P.4 AP ENGLISH BOOK REPORT 1. Title of Work: Wuthering Heights 2. Author and date Written: Emily Bronte author of Wuthering Heights wrote the book between October 1845 and June 1846 3. Country of Author: Emily Bronte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, on July 30, 1818 4. Characters (Major and Minor): Heatchliff: Dark-Skinned: they describe him as dark-skinned Cruel: Because he uses his son to get vengeance against young Catherine Catherine: Is Hindley sister andRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pages1. Title of Work: Wuthering Heights 2. Author and date Written: Emily Bronte author of Wuthering Heights wrote the book between October 1845 and June 1846 3. Country of Author: Emily Bronte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, on July 30, 1818 4. Characters (Major and Minor): Heatchliff: Dark-Skinned: they describe him as dark-skinned Cruel: Because he uses his son to get vengeance against young Catherine Catherine: Is Hindley sister and Mr. Ms. Earnshaw daughter Mean: because knowing sheRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 975 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Bronte’s two main sources of imagery are nature and the supernatural. Using Wuthering Heights, write a well-developed essay that explores the symbolic associations of storm and calm through the characters. â€Å"Wuthering heights†, a novel that explores different types of imagery: natural and supernatural. Along the storyline, the characters change and the reflections are noticed throughout with symbolic natural occurrences. In times of disarray and unrest, â€Å"Wuthering Heights† becomes symbolicRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesThere is truly nothing better than a love story with a perfect ending. Unfortunately that is not the case in Emily BrontÃ'ԉ۪s Wuthering Heights. The love shared between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff is definitely not hidden. The two are practically the same person, they even say they share the same soul. The only problem is one is a part of a nobility and the other adopted and forced to be a servant. Due to this, Catherine and Heathcliff never get their happily ever after. Or do they? One of Analysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay 1. Title of Work: Wuthering Heights 2. Author and date Written: Emily Bronte author of Wuthering Heights wrote the book between October 1845 and June 1846 3. Country of Author: Emily Bronte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, on July 30, 1818 4. Characters (Major and Minor): Heatchliff: Dark-Skinned: they describe him as dark-skinned Cruel: Because he uses his son to get vengeance against young Catherine Catherine: Is Hindley sister and Mr. Ms. Earnshaw daughter Mean: because knowing she loved Heatchliff she married someone else Hindley: Catherine brother and Mr. Ms. Earnshaw son Mean: Because when his father dies he takes away Heatchliff education away Frances: Hindleys wife and Hareton’s mom Edgar Linton: Catherine’s Husband Handsome: Catherine described him as handsome Mr. Lockwood: a tenant Nelly: is the narrator of the story and an important character throughout the whole story Young Catherine: She is Edgar and Catherine daughter Hareton Earnshaw: Is Hindley son Linton Heathcliff: Is the son of Heatchliff and Isabella Sick: He is a very weak kid who can’t move around a lot Isabella Linton: Edgar sister who falls in love with Heatchliff Mr. Earnshaw: Catherine and Hindley’s father he adopts Heatchliff and brings him to Wuthering heights too live there he prefers Heatchliff over his own son Nice: Because he allows Heatchliff to have a family Ms. Earnshaw: Catherine and Himdley’s mother Distrusting: When Heatchliff arrives at Wuthering Heights she doesn’tShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesReading Analysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century; however, Emily Bronte’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1408 Words   |  6 PagesBrontà « also compares the characters indirectly, as she did the houses. Two very prominent characters she displays in this way include Lockwood and Isabella. They are both fundamental narrators in the work. Lockwood does so directly through his retelling of Nelly’s recounting of the story, and Isabella does so through her letter to Nelly explaining her relationship and life with Heathcliff soon after they were married. Although Isabella only briefly seen as a narrator, she a nd Lockwood have variousRead MoreAnalysis of Emily Bronte ´s Wuthering Heights623 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review: Wuthering Heights This book deals a lot with love and revenge as evidently exhibited through the characters Heathcliff and Catherine. The book depicts the journey of societys social class. Catherine learns to love Heathcliff even though he is inferior to her. The reader discovers deep and affectionate motives within the novel. In my view it is a well annotated version of Emily Brontes classic about denied love between central characters Heathcliff and Catherine. Not a predictableRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 3443 Words   |  14 PagesRRS Wuthering Heights Title: Wuthering Heights Publication Date: 1847 Author: Emily Bronte Nationality: English Author’s Birth/Death dates: July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848 Distinguishing traits of the author: Emily Bronte, otherwise known as Ellis Bell, had many siblings growing up in the isolated town of Thornton, Yorkshire. One of which was Charlotte Brontà « author of the masterpiece, Jane Eyre. At the time of their publishment Jan Eyre was known as the superior book but over time Wuthering HeightsRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pagesa part of life to them at the time. One such author is Emily Brontà «, a woman who never married. She and her sisters experienced many familial hardships and began writing at a young age, perhaps as a coping mechanism. With this in mind and assessing trials and events in her life, one cannot help but find uncanny parallels between the characters of her novels and the social turmoil she witnessed. At first glance, Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights may seem to be the tragedy of two young lovers. HoweverRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 2133 Words   |  9 PagesKimberly Boots Ms. Loomis AP Literature and Composition 16 January 2015 The Meaning Behind It All Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights is not only one of the most widely read books in America, but it also encourages different critical approaches. One of the most interesting approaches is the psychoanalytical approach in this circumstance. Through the entirety of this book it is understood that defending oneself in different ways is a way to escape the stresses of reality. â€Å"Our unconscious desiresRead MoreAn Analysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1784 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough a community and spread as quickly as the plague. Historian and philosopher Howard Zinn proposes that, â€Å"the air of the world is poisonous. And you must carry an antidote with you, or the infection will prove fatal (Zinn 114). In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte demonstrates the corrosive effects of human interaction through the motif of disease and contagion coupled with mental decay and the deaths of integral characters. During the Victorian Era, disease ran rampant throughout England. HygieneRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesGiovanni Rosas P.4 AP ENGLISH BOOK REPORT 1. Title of Work: Wuthering Heights 2. Author and date Written: Emily Bronte author of Wuthering Heights wrote the book between October 1845 and June 1846 3. Country of Author: Emily Bronte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, on July 30, 1818 4. Characters (Major and Minor): Heatchliff: Dark-Skinned: they describe him as dark-skinned Cruel: Because he uses his son to get vengeance against young Catherine Catherine: Is Hindley sister andRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 975 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Bronte’s two main sources of imagery are nature and the supernatural. Using Wuthering Heights, write a well-developed essay that explores the symbolic associations of storm and calm through the characters. â€Å"Wuthering heights†, a novel that explores different types of imagery: natural and supernatural. Along the storyline, the characters change and the reflections are noticed throughout with symbolic natural occurrences. In times of disarray and unrest, â€Å"Wuthering Heights† becomes symbolicRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesThere is truly nothing better than a love story with a perfect ending. Unfortunately that is not the case in Emily BrontÃ'ԉ۪s Wuthering Heights. The love shared between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff is definitely not hidden. The two are practically the same person, they even say they share the same soul. The only problem is one is a part of a nobility and the other adopted and forced to be a servant. Due to this, Catherine and Heathcliff never get their happily ever after. Or do they? One of

Operations and Enhance the Profitability

Question: Discuss about the Operations and Enhance the Profitability. Answer: Introduction Accounting is the vast area of knowledge and implementation. If the knowledge of this is applied properly then it results in not only financial developments but it also helps to improve the work efficiency of the company. Budgeting is an accounting tool which helps the companys to have an estimate of the cash flows. The experts in accounting use their valuable knowledge to make important decisions for the management and the companies. The vast area of accounting is distributed into various branches (Horngren, 2013). These branches of accounting are used as per the requirement and use. Requirement for investment in latest softwares The accounting in todays era is not a manual work to do; this is so because accounting is not a mere act of making entries for the funds spend and received. The whole structure of accounting has moved to high levels. Bigger the operations of the company more complicated are the accounting for that business. So in order to make this whole process a lot easier the companies need to invest in proper accounting software. Accounting software not only makes an easier process of accounting, but it also assists the companies in other work. Software now days can perform functions such as forecast results, make reports, set thresholds, alert when thresholds are crossed, etc. Also, the accounting softwares secure the data, which is not easily accusable by anybody at anytime without the previous approval of the managers (William, 2010). Therefore, the companies should invest in accounting software as they provide great results. Management vs. Financial accounting Management accounting and financial accounting are two of the many branches of accounting. Management accounting provides information for the use of people within the organisation whereas financial accounting provides information which is of use to people outside the organisation. Management accounting is not mandatory in under law, it is done to assist the management to take decisions, but financial accounting is mandatory (Albrecht et. al, 2011). The report under management accounting gives the data related to a particular product, department or cost centre as required, but financial accounting gives an overall view of the working of the company. The results of the data of management accounting is mostly future oriented, but as that of financial accounting is based on historical data and depicts the performance of the company based on past data. Also in management accounting there is not legal requirement to get work reviewed by a professional, but it is so in case of financial acc ounting (Albrecht et. al, 2011). Importance of classification of costs Cost is the major driver of ay decision and especially in a production or manufacturing firm. But if all the data of cost is just laid on a table it will not result in any information to the movement. So in order to make the cost data meaningful the cost data is classified based on various attributes such as functions, behaviour, relevance and types (Robinson Last, 2009). This classification is as hereunder. Classification of cost on basis of functions The classification based on functions or activities in an organisation can be divided as under: Production Costs: these are the costs which are directly related to the production process of the product. The costs which are incurred in a factory in connection with production of a good are referred to as production cost (Robinson Last, 2009). These include material cost, labour cost, any other expenses incurred directly in connection with the produced product, etc. Administrative costs: the other costs which are incurred outside factory in order to run the administration of the company is called administrative costs examples of these cost include rent expenses, employee benefit expenses, electricity expenses, etc. These expenses have no direct connection with the production process but if they are not incurred the production process will be affected (Robinson Last, 2009). Selling and distribution expenses: the expenses incurred on the manufactured products after they have been dispatched from factory for their sale or distribution of any kind constitutes this type of expenses. Examples of such expenses will include packaging charges, warehouse rent, etc. Classification of cost on basis of behaviour Cost is relative in product. Based on the behaviour of the cost are classified as follows: Fixed costs: these are the costs which do not change with the change in level of production. These expenses are fixed in nature. They change only in the long run when the company looks forward to change the scale of production. Expenses incurred for long term assets are such costs. Variable Costs: these are variable in nature that is these costs change with change in level of production. Expenses which are directly incurred in connection with the product are such expenses, example include material expenses, labour cost, etc (Robinson Last, 2009) Mixed costs: mixed costs are the costs which constitute the feature of both fixed and variable costs. These expenses include batch costs, which are fixed up to certain level and after that they vary. Classification of cost on basis of relevance Classification of cost based on relevance cost can be divided into: Relevant cost: relevant costs are the cost which are essential in the process do decision making. These are to be taken into consideration while making a decision Irrelevant cost: these have no importance in the process of decision making (Robinson Last, 2009). Classification on the basis of types On the basis of types of costs can be classified into as per traceability, nature, purpose for the decision making, etc. All the above costs are also included in the classification of costs on the basis of types. Therefore there are a lot of attributes on which costs can be classified. Objectives of budget Financial planning can be done when budget is prepared for the organization. In short there are many objectives for the preparation of budget. From planning to forecasting, budget plays a vital role in driving the organization forward. The main objectives of the budget are as follows: Planning and estimation The prime aim of the preparation of budget is to evaluate the financial status of the company for a particular point of time. A budget is a prime tool for planning and helps in stabilizing the business. The management can perceive budget as a tool that helps in decision making. It helps in determining what needs to be done next (Needles, 2011). Companies need to implement budget so that a strong structure can be established. Proper allocation of resources Preparation of budget helps in proper allocation of resources and hence, leads to use the resources in a prudent manner. It needs to be noted that a company have resources that are constraint and needs to invest in a manner that will helps to generate higher returns. For example, if inventory is lost or damaged then a strong budget will help in mitigating the loss through setting aside capital (Needles Powers, 2013). This will not hamper the smooth functioning of the company. Evaluation of the operations There are various kinds of budget each having its own function and advantages. Budgets can be prepared to evaluate the operations and then to know whether the operations are in tune with the forecast and whether the resources are used in an effective manner (Horngren, 2011).The performances of the employees can be determined through the preparation of a budget. The variances can be used a signal to ascertain the performance of an employee. Cash flow prediction Companies that have an uneven pattern of cash flows need to know the amount of cash available for the next term. This helps the business to ascertain the amount and thereby leads to better planning (Horngren, 2011). Operational Budget example In this report, Dicksmith Holding is selected for the purpose of study and from the annual report we can see that there are various operational budgets prepared like sales, manufacturing, selling expenses, etc. Firstly, the sale budget is prepared that is termed as the main budget and is linked to planning and control. Sales budget plays a pivotal role because other budget rests on it. Secondly, production budget is prepared that helps in knowing the total units that can be manufactured (Dicksmith, 2015). Thirdly, the material budget is prepared that helps in knowing the raw materials that is needed for the purpose of purchase. Labor budget is even prepared that ascertains the labor cost. Further, the manufacturing overhead helps in knowing the fixed, as well as variable overhead. Lastly, the selling expenses budget is prepared that helps in knowing the variable, as well as selling expenses. The general, as well as administrative expenses budget provide immense solidity while estimat ing the expenses that are operational in manner and are associated with administration. Standard costs Standard cost is one of the most important subtopics of costing. These are usually associated with the production of goods and expenses incurred in connection with them like material, labour and other expenses. Instead to allocating the actual expenses which are to be incurred in connection with these, an estimated value of these expenses are allocated. This means that the production process and stock of the manufacturer will be shown at the estimated values and not the actual (Lanen et. al, 2008). The manufactures will be paying the actual costs as a result of which differences will arise. These differences are known as variances. There are immense benefits of using standard costing. Standard costing is a toll for variance analysis for the production firms. These firms need a yardstick in order to evaluate the performance in the first place. Standard costing serves as the yardstick for this evaluation. It also helps the firm to minimise wastage by giving them an estimate of resources which be required for the manufacture (Needles, 2011). Preparation of cost centres in the process of standard costing is one of the best ways of delegation of authority. This helps to create a positive and cost effective procedure at all levels of the organisation (Lanen et. al, 2008). It also helps to attract the managements attention towards matters which are as efficient as they were planned to be. It provides an incentive scheme to workers. It helps to simplify the cost control procedures. It is all in all tools for budgeting, planning, inventory evaluation, etc. Standard costing also has a few demerits along with the merits. The system of standard costing is sometimes proven to be time consuming, expensive and tedious. Only the cost and budget portion of the organisation is covered by standard costing, matters like customer satisfaction, lead time issues, etc fail are not paid attention to under standard costing. This system requires skilled persons to do the evaluations and estimations (Drury, 2011). This becomes a reason for which less developed firms are not comfortable in applying them. Favorable and adverse variances Variances can be of two types, they can either be favourable or adverse. As discussed earlier variances are the differences between the standard costs and actual costs incurred by the companies. Favourable variances arises when the difference between standard cost and actual cost result in a positive answer. Adverse variances are the ones where difference is a negative answer (Shim Siegel, 2009). For example, the company estimates that the labour for the next accounting period will be paid at the rate of $10 per hour for total of 1000 hours, the actual labour hours worked were 990 hours which were paid at the rate of $10.5. The total estimated costs that are the standard cost was supposed to be total of $10,000, but the company actually incurred an expense of $10,395. If we calculate the difference, it is negative $395 which is adverse variance (Drury, 2011). Similarly, if the firm had incurred a total expense of less than $10,000 then it would amount to positive variance. Conclusion To make the accounting process effective in a firm all the wheels of the organisation need to move in the same direction. We mean to say that all the aspects which are necessary should be covered. The company can implement the use of accounting software. It can use tools such as standard costing for variance analysis. It can also use management and financial accounting as per its requirement (Horngren, 2013). Accounting is a vast area and the information from accounting if uses efficiently then can provide great results to the company. References Albrecht, W., Stice, E. Stice, J 2011, Financial accounting, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Drury, C 2011,Cost and management accounting, Andover, Hampshire, UK: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dicksmith 2015, Dicksmith profile 2015, viewed 23 July 2016, https://www.dicksmith.com.au/da/ Horngren, C 2011, Cost accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Group. Lanen, W. N., Anderson, S Maher, and M. W 2008, Fundamentals of cost accounting, NY: Hang Loose press. Needles, B. E. Powers, M 2013, Principles of Financial Accounting. Financial Needles, S. C 2011, Managerial Accounting, Nason, USA: South Western Cengage Learning. 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